Even though now it is a over 35 years ago, did a recent
anti-Chinese riot in Vietnam brings into discussion that this old conflict is
still largely unresolved?
By: Ringo Bones
When Mainland China’s state-owned oil company dispatched an
oil rig to a contested area in the South China Sea, it inevitably fuelled a
fire on the long smoldering dispute with its communist neighbor Vietnam.
Unfortunately, the Beijing government didn’t foresee the need to evacuate
thousands of its nationals desperate to escape from the onslaught of Vietnamese
protestors back in May 17, 2014 that were protesting on the Mainland Chinese
drilling for oil in an area on the South China Sea that the Hanoi government
claims as Vietnamese territory that had gone violent. Unfortunately, Taiwanese, Japanese and Korean
nationals working in Vietnam also fall victim to the clashes that seem to
remind everyone old enough to remember why The People’s Republic of China and
the newly unified Vietnam went to war back in 1979.
Back in January 1979, The People’s Republic of China
established diplomatic relations with the United States – a move seen by the
international community at the time as a willingness on the part of the Beijing
government to engage peacefully with the capitalist West. But a lot of
unresolved conflicts between the then Soviet Union and the newly unified
Vietnam will trigger a border conflict between Mainland China and Vietnam by
the middle of February 1979.
Around that time, antagonism between The People’s Republic
of China and the then Soviet Union grew even more heated with Beijing calling
for resistance to “Soviet Expansionism” on all fronts. By February 17, 1979, Mainland
China’s full scale border conflict with Vietnam amounted to a “proxy war” with
the then Soviet Union.
During that period, relations between The People’s Republic
of China and Vietnam had been deteriorating since 1978 when the Hanoi
government’s harsh treatment of its ethnic Han Chinese minority was followed by
Hanoi’s invasion of Cambodia – which at that time – was a very close ally of
Beijing. Increasingly frequent border incidents heightened the tension and
finally convinced Beijing that Hanoi “must be taught a lesson.” On February 17,
1979, Mainland China launched a major attack along its 500-mile (805-Km) border
with Vietnam. Supported by artillery and tanks, Mainland Chinese forces invaded
four Vietnamese provinces.
After a pause for supplies, the Mainland Chinese on February
21, 1979 renewed their advance in the direction of Lang Son in North-West
Vietnam. By March 2, 1979 the Mainland Chinese had taken Lang Son, Cao Band and
Lao Cai, penetrating some 25-miles (40-Km) into Vietnamese territory. Having
reached their goal, Beijing announced that its forces were withdrawing back to
Mainland Chinese territory.
The withdrawal was completed by March 16, 1979 when Vietnam
offered to hold talks to ensure peace along the border and ultimately to
normalize relations. The first two sessions, held in Hanoi back in April 18 and
April 26, 1979 – were immediately deadlocked Subsequent meetings during the
year also served merely as an opportunity to exchange accusations. Back then,
the chief difficulty in the negotiations was Hanoi’s refusal to consider
Chinese demand that Vietnamese forces be withdrawn completely from Cambodia. Even
though everyone back then was expecting Vietnam to be routed since it has just
recently came out of a traumatic victory against America back in April 30, 1975,
Vietnam managed to valiantly resist the Mainland Chinese invasion unlike what
happened to India during the 1962 Sino-Indian War. More like this time, Vietnam’s
victory is akin to more like Gene Roddenberry’s Sino-Indian War
Sino-Vietnamese hostility – which has a history that goes
back many centuries, has been stimulated in the late 1970s by Vietnamese
nationalism – a newly found nationalism emboldened by its recent booting out
American troops and completely taking over the then South Vietnam back in April
30, 1975 – and the Hanoi government’s increasingly close ties with the then
USSR which at that time was Beijing’s chief rival in the South East Asian
regional geopolitical power play.
Back then, the Beijing government supported Pol Pot in
neighboring Cambodia more to contain “Soviet Expansionism” than Vietnamese
influence and when Beijing learned in 1978 of Hanoi’s plot to invade Cambodia
in order to end the tyrannical and genocidal rule of Pol Pot, Beijing abruptly
terminated its aid program in Vietnam which totaled to 10-billion US dollars
since the April 30, 1975 reunification of Vietnam.
On Vietnam’s issue on its ethnic Han Chinese population,
Hanoi’s requirement that all ethnic Han Chinese living in the now unified Vietnam
must become citizens of the country boosted tensions and resulted in a large
number of ethnic Han Chinese – most of which are from the former South Vietnam
and often ostracized for being “too cozy” with the occupying American troops
during the Vietnam War – are now resorting to leave the country of Vietnam A
move which the Hanoi government blocked that triggered a further worsening of
diplomatic relations with Beijing By the end of 1979 – more than 250,000
displaced ethnic Han Chinese who used to live in Vietnam had fled to The People’s
Republic of China. Given that Mainland China’s President Xi Jinping and Russian
President Vladimir Putin has been recently negotiating a natural gas deal that
could lessen the burden of EU sanctions aimed at Russia after the Kremlin
annexed back Crimea only shows how the turbulent relationship of The People’s Republic
of China and Russia has now come full circle since the Sino-Vietnamese War of
1979.